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HVAC Systems Market Size, Share, Trends, Growth Outlook

HVAC Systems Market Size, Share, Trends, Growth Outlook, and Opportunities to 2030- By cooling equipment( Unitary Air Conditioners, Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF), Chillers, Room Air Conditioners, Coolers, Cooling Towers), Heating equipment( Heat Pumps, Furnaces, Unitary Heaters, Boilers),cooling equipment( Unitary Air Conditioners, Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF), Chillers, Room Air Conditioners, Coolers, Cooling Towers), Heating equipment( Heat Pumps, Furnaces, Unitary Heaters, Boilers), ventilation equipment( Air-handling Units (AHUs), Air Filters, Dehumidifiers, Ventilation Fans, Humidifiers, Air Purifiers), Implementation type( New construction, Retrofit), Application( Residential, Commercial, Industrial),and Companies Report

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  • |Published Month : November, 2024
  • |No. of Pages : 180

The Global HVAC Systems Market Size is estimated to register 7.8% growth over the forecast period from 2024 to 2030.

The market growth is driven by an increasing The HVAC industry is experiencing a digital transformation, driven by advancements in data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning. HVAC systems are increasingly equipped with sensors and IoT devices that collect real-time data on performance, energy usage, and environmental conditions. By leveraging data analytics and AI algorithms, building owners and operators can optimize HVAC system performance, predict maintenance needs, and identify opportunities for energy savings and operational efficiency improvements. Leading Companies focusing on Integration with Renewable Energy Sources, Advancements in Smart and Autonomous HVAC Systems, Enhanced Indoor Air Quality and Health-Centric Design, and others to boost market shares in the industry.

HVAC Systems Market Overview

The HVAC systems market has been steadily growing, fueled by factors like urbanization, rising construction activities, and a focus on energy efficiency and indoor air quality. Technological advancements, including smart thermostats, variable refrigerant flow systems, and IoT-enabled solutions, have gained prominence for their ability to enhance control and energy savings. Governments' regulations and standards have spurred the development of high-efficiency equipment, while increasing concerns about indoor air quality have led to a demand for HVAC systems with advanced air purification technologies. Integration with smart building technologies like Building Automation Systems further optimizes energy usage and comfort levels, positioning the HVAC industry for continued innovation and growth.

HVAC Systems Market Dynamics

HVAC Systems Market Trends- The HVAC systems market is experiencing a surge in demand for energy-efficient solutions, fueled by a global push towards sustainability and environmental awareness.

The surging demand for energy-efficient HVAC solutions reflects a global trend towards sustainability and environmental consciousness. Governments worldwide are enacting regulations and incentives to drive the adoption of energy-efficient technologies, including within the HVAC sector, aiming to curb greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change. Simultaneously, businesses and consumers are increasingly prioritizing eco-friendly options to lower energy usage and operational expenses. Consequently, HVAC manufacturers are intensifying research and development efforts to introduce innovations like variable-speed compressors, heat pumps, and smart control systems. These advancements cater to the growing market demand while contributing to reduced environmental impact. Ultimately, this transition to energy efficiency not only benefits the planet but also delivers long-term cost savings and enhanced comfort for occupants of buildings.

Market Driver- The HVAC Systems Market is embracing smart technologies, with a focus on intelligent and automated systems for both heating, ventilation, and air conditioning as well as overall building management.

The HVAC systems market is undergoing a significant transformation as it embraces smart technologies, which are increasingly becoming integral to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as well as overall building management. This shift is primarily fueled by the growing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable solutions that prioritize comfort, indoor air quality, and operational efficiency. Smart HVAC systems leverage advanced sensors, IoT devices, and cloud-based platforms to gather and analyze real-time data on environmental conditions, occupancy patterns, and energy usage. Through the utilization of AI algorithms and machine learning, these systems can optimize HVAC performance, forecast maintenance requirements, and proactively address issues to ensure maximum comfort and energy efficiency. Moreover, the integration of HVAC systems with building automation technologies facilitates seamless coordination with other building systems like lighting, security, and occupancy sensors, resulting in comprehensive building management and energy conservation. With the continuous evolution of the HVAC industry, smart technologies are poised to assume a central role in shaping the future of building environments, offering heightened comfort, efficiency, and sustainability.

Market Opportunity- Exploring the intertwined destinies of the HVAC systems market and indoor air quality.

Exploring the interconnected paths of the HVAC systems market and indoor air quality reveals a dynamic correlation influenced by technological advancements, regulatory standards, and changing consumer demands. As the HVAC sector endeavors to meet the growing call for energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions, it also prioritizes the crucial task of ensuring optimal indoor air quality. Key innovations such as advanced filtration systems, UV germicidal irradiation, and intelligent ventilation strategies are pivotal in not only improving indoor air quality but also in enhancing HVAC system efficiency. Additionally, the rising awareness of the health repercussions of indoor air pollution underscores the necessity of integrating air quality management into HVAC design and operational protocols. This mutually beneficial evolution underscores the HVAC systems market's dedication to fostering healthier and more comfortable indoor environments, while driving forward innovation and efficiency enhancements.

Market Share Analysis- Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF) HVAC Systems Market will register the fastest growth

The Global HVAC Systems Market is analyzed across Unitary Air Conditioners, Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF), Chillers, Room Air Conditioners, Coolers, Cooling Towers, and others. Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF) is poised to register the fastest growth. Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems are cutting-edge HVAC solutions renowned for their precise temperature control and energy efficiency. These systems utilize advanced refrigerant flow management to cater to the specific heating and cooling needs of different building zones, ensuring optimal comfort while minimizing energy consumption. VRF systems offer unparalleled flexibility in design and installation, making them suitable for various building types. Integration with building automation systems further enhances their efficiency and performance. As demand for energy-efficient HVAC solutions grows, VRF systems are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the industry.

Market Share Analysis- Heat Pumps held a significant market share in 2024

The Global HVAC Systems Market is analyzed across various Heating equipment’s including Heat Pumps, Furnaces, Unitary Heaters, Boilers, and others. Of these, Heat Pumps held a significant market share in 2024. Heat pumps have become a leading solution in the HVAC systems market, offering efficient heating and cooling capabilities by harnessing ambient heat sources. Their versatility, energy efficiency, and sustainability make them increasingly popular in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. With technological advancements like variable-speed compressors and smart controls, heat pumps continually improve performance and energy savings, contributing to decarbonization efforts. As demand for energy-efficient HVAC solutions rises, the heat pump segment is poised for continued growth and innovation in the global market.

 

HVAC Systems Market Segmentation

By cooling equipment

  • Unitary Air Conditioners
  • Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF)
  • Chillers
  • Room Air Conditioners
  • Coolers
  • Cooling Towers

 

By Heating equipment

  • Heat Pumps
  • Furnaces
  • Unitary Heaters
  • Boilers

 

By ventilation equipment

  • Air-handling Units (AHUs)
  • Air Filters
  • Dehumidifiers
  • Ventilation Fans
  • Humidifiers
  • Air Purifiers

 

By implementation type

  • New construction
  • Retrofit

 

By application

  • Residential
  • Commercial
  • Industrial

 

By Region

  • North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)
  • Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Others)
  • Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Others)
  • Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Others)
  • Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Other Middle East, South Africa, Nigeria, Other Africa)

 

HVAC Systems Market Companies

  • DAIKIN INDUSTRIES Ltd (Japan)
  • Nortek Air Management (United States)
  • Johnson Controls (United States)
  • Carrier (United States)
  • Samsung (South Korea)
  • Emerson Electric Co (United States)
  • Honeywell International Inc (United States)
  • Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (Japan)
  • Trane Technologies plc (United States)
  • LG Electronics (South Korea)

 

*List not exhaustive

HVAC Systems Market Outlook 2024

1 Market Overview

1.1 Introduction to the HVAC Systems Market

1.2 Scope of the Study

1.3 Research Objective

1.3.1 Key Market Scope and Segments

1.3.2 Players Covered

1.3.3 Years Considered

 

2 Executive Summary

2.1 2024 HVAC Systems Industry- Market Statistics

3 Market Dynamics

3.1 Market Drivers

3.2 Market Challenges

3.3 Market Opportunities

3.4 Market Trends

 

4 Market Factor Analysis

4.1 Porter’s Five Forces

4.2 Market Entropy

4.2.1 Global HVAC Systems Market Companies with Area Served

4.2.2 Products Offerings Global HVAC Systems Market

 

5 Recession Impact Analysis and Outlook Scenarios

5.1.1 Recission Impact Analysis

5.1.2 Market Growth Scenario- Base Case

5.1.3 Market Growth Scenario- Reference Case

5.1.4 Market Growth Scenario- High Case

 

6 Global HVAC Systems Market Trends

6.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) and CAGR (%) by Type (2018-2032)

6.2 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) and CAGR (%) by Applications (2018-2032)

6.3 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) and CAGR (%) by Regions (2018-2032)

 

7 Global HVAC Systems Market Revenue (USD Million) by Type, and Applications (2018-2023)

7.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2018-2023)

7.1.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), Market Share (%) by Type (2018-2023)

7.2 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Applications (2018-2023)

7.2.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), Market Share (%) by Applications (2018-2023)

 

8 Global HVAC Systems Development Regional Status and Outlook

8.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Regions (2018-2023)

8.2 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type, and Application (2018-2023)

8.2.1 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Country (2018-2023)

8.2.2 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2018-2023)

8.2.3 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Applications (2018-2023)

8.3 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type, and Applications (USD Million) (2018-2023)

8.3.1 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Country (2018-2023)

8.3.2 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2018-2023)

8.3.3 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Applications (2018-2023)

8.4 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), and Revenue (USD Million) by Type, and Applications (2018-2023)

8.4.1 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Country (2018-2023)

8.4.2 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2018-2023)

8.4.3 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Applications (2018-2023)

8.5 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type, and Applications (2018-2023)

8.5.1 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Country (2018-2023)

8.5.2 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2018-2023)

8.5.3 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Applications (2018-2023)

8.6 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type, Technology, Application, Thickness (2018-2023)

8.6.1 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Country (2018-2023)

8.6.2 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2018-2023)

8.6.3 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Applications (2018-2023)

 

9 Company Profiles

 

10 Global HVAC Systems Market Revenue (USD Million), by Type, and Applications (2024-2032)

10.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Market Share (%) by Type (2024-2032)

10.1.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), and Market Share (%) by Type (2024-2032)

10.2 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Market Share (%) by Applications (2024-2032)

10.2.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), and Market Share (%) by Applications (2024-2032)

 

11 Global HVAC Systems Development Regional Status and Outlook Forecast

11.1 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Regions (2024-2032)

11.2 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type, and Applications (2024-2032)

11.2.1 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD) Million by Country (2024-2032)

11.2.2 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type (2024-2032)

11.2.3 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), Market Share (%) by Applications (2024-2032)

11.3 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type, and Applications (2024-2032)

11.3.1 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Country (2024-2032)

11.3.2 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type (2024-2032)

11.3.3 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Applications (2024-2032)

11.4 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type, and Applications (2024-2032)

11.4.1 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Country (2024-2032)

11.4.2 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type (2024-2032)

11.4.3 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Applications (2024-2032)

11.5 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type, and Applications (2024-2032)

11.5.1 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Country (2024-2032)

11.5.2 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type (2024-2032)

11.5.3 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Applications (2024-2032)

11.6 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type, and Applications (2024-2032)

11.6.1 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by region (2024-2032)

11.6.2 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Type (2024-2032)

11.6.3 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million), by Applications (2024-2032)

 

12 Methodology and Data Sources

12.1 Methodology/Research Approach

12.1.1 Research Programs/Design

12.1.2 Market Size Estimation

12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

12.2 Data Sources

12.2.1 Secondary Sources

12.2.2 Primary Sources

12.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables

Table 1 Market Segmentation Analysis

Table 2 Global HVAC Systems Market Companies with Areas Served

Table 3 Products Offerings Global HVAC Systems Market

Table 4 Low Growth Scenario Forecasts

Table 5 Reference Case Growth Scenario

Table 6 High Growth Case Scenario

Table 7 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) And CAGR (%) By Type (2018-2032)

Table 8 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) And CAGR (%) By Applications (2018-2032)

Table 9 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) And CAGR (%) By Regions (2018-2032)

Table 10 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Table 11 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Type (2018-2023)

Table 12 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Table 13 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Applications (2018-2023)

Table 14 Global HVAC Systems Market Revenue (USD Million) By Regions (2018-2023)

Table 15 Global HVAC Systems Market Share (%) By Regions (2018-2023)

Table 16 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Table 17 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Table 18 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Table 19 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Table 20 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Table 21 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Table 22 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Table 23 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Table 24 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Table 25 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Table 26 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Table 27 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Table 28 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Region (2018-2023)

Table 29 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Table 30 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Table 31 Financial Analysis

Table 32 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Table 33 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Type (2024-2032)

Table 34 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Table 35 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Applications (2024-2032)

Table 36 Global HVAC Systems Market Revenue (USD Million), And Revenue (USD Million) By Regions (2024-2032)

Table 37 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD)By Country (2024-2032)

Table 38 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Table 39 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Table 40 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2024-2032)

Table 41 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Table 42 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Table 43 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2024-2032)

Table 44 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Table 45 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Table 46 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2024-2032)

Table 47 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Table 48 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Table 49 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Region (2024-2032)

Table 50 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Region (2024-2032)

Table 51 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Table 52 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Table 53 Research Programs/Design for This Report

Table 54 Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table 55 Key Data Information from Primary Sources

 

List of Figures

Figure 1 Market Scope

Figure 2 Porter’s Five Forces

Figure 3 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Figure 4 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Type (2023)

Figure 5 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Figure 6 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Applications (2023)

Figure 7 Global HVAC Systems Market Revenue (USD Million) By Regions (2018-2023)

Figure 8 Global HVAC Systems Market Share (%) By Regions (2023)

Figure 9 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Figure 10 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Figure 11 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Figure 12 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Figure 13 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Figure 14 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Figure 15 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Figure 16 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Figure 17 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Figure 18 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2018-2023)

Figure 19 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Figure 20 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Figure 21 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Region (2018-2023)

Figure 22 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2018-2023)

Figure 23 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2018-2023)

Figure 24 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Figure 25 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Type (2030)

Figure 26 Global HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Figure 27 Global HVAC Systems Revenue Market Share (%) By Applications (2030)

Figure 28 Global HVAC Systems Market Revenue (USD Million) By Regions (2024-2032)

Figure 29 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2024-2032)

Figure 30 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Figure 31 North America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Figure 32 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2024-2032)

Figure 33 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Figure 34 Europe HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Figure 35 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2024-2032)

Figure 36 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Figure 37 Asia Pacific HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Figure 38 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Country (2024-2032)

Figure 39 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Figure 40 South America HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Figure 41 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Region (2024-2032)

Figure 42 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Region (2024-2032)

Figure 43 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Type (2024-2032)

Figure 44 Middle East and Africa HVAC Systems Revenue (USD Million) By Applications (2024-2032)

Figure 45 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches for This Report

Figure 46 Data Triangulation

 

HVAC Systems Market Segmentation

By cooling equipment

  • Unitary Air Conditioners
  • Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF)
  • Chillers
  • Room Air Conditioners
  • Coolers
  • Cooling Towers

 

By Heating equipment

  • Heat Pumps
  • Furnaces
  • Unitary Heaters
  • Boilers

 

By ventilation equipment

  • Air-handling Units (AHUs)
  • Air Filters
  • Dehumidifiers
  • Ventilation Fans
  • Humidifiers
  • Air Purifiers

 

By implementation type

  • New construction
  • Retrofit

 

By application

  • Residential
  • Commercial
  • Industrial

 

By Region

  • North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)
  • Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Others)
  • Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Others)
  • Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Others)
  • Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Other Middle East, South Africa, Nigeria, Other Africa)